Active-Passive Sentences
How to Understand the Difference Between Passive and Active Sentences
Part 1 of 4: Active Sentences
Try out
this example first. Look at this sentence: “The thief smashed the window.” The
red section, “The thief,” is the subject of the sentence, or the one doing the
action. The purple section, “smashed,” is the verb, or action. The blue
section, “the window,” is the object: something is happening to it. Keep
reading for more explanation, and look back at this example sentence to follow
along.
Understand
the subject of an active sentence. In an active sentence, the subject is
whatever does It can be a person, a place, a thing, or even an idea. Here are
some examples, with the subject in red :
Every
morning, the sun
The
tall woman will brush her teeth.
Your
bravery saved the town.
Find
the verbs in active sentences. In active sentences, the verb describes what the
subject does. It can also describe what the subject did in the past, or will do
in the future. Here are some examples, with the verb colored purple :
The
tree grew very tall.
My
enemy is planning his attack.
Learn
about the object of the sentence. In many active sentence, but not all of them,
an action is done to something else. Here are examples, with the object colored
blue:
The dog
ate the meat.
The
explorers discovered a new river.
Figure
out how to tell the subject and object apart. If you’re not sure whether
something is the subject or object, find yourself the verb and ask yourself
“What is (verb)-ing?” to find the subject. Ask “What is being (verb)ed?” to
find the object. Here’s an example of a tricky sentence, step by step:
“Everything in the world irritates her.”
Find
the verb. The only word that describes an action is “irritates”, so “irritates”
must be the verb.
Find
the subject. What is irritating? “Everything in the world” is irritating, so
the entire phrase “Everything in the world” is the subject.
Find
the object. What is being irritated? The person described as “her” is being
irritated, so “her” is the object.
Part 2
of 4: Passive Sentences
Look
at this example. “The ball is thrown by the athlete.” In this passive sentence,
the subject is “The ball”. The verb, “was thrown”, describes what happened to
the ball. The agent, the thing that did the action, is “the athlete”.
Understand
the subject of a passive sentence. The subject of a passive sentence is having
something done to it. This can be any noun: a person, place, thing, or idea.
Here are some examples, with the subject written in red:
This
essay was written last year.
The
delicious dinner was cooked by a professional cook.
Elephants
are protected from hunters by international law.
Understand
the verb in a passive sentence. In a passive sentence, something happens to the
subject. The verb is the action that happens. It begins with a “to be” verb
(for example, “is,” “was,” “were,” “has been,” “will have been”), then a verb
in a past tense.[3] Here are some examples with the verb colored purple:
The
city was destroyed by the meteor.
All
the ice cream had been eaten already.
The
music was played beautifully.
Find
the agent in a passive sentence. Many passive sentences do not include the
agent at all. If an agent is present, it describes what did the action. It
usually comes at the end of the sentence, after the word “by.” Here are some
examples, with the agent colored brown:
The
child was raised by her mother.
World
War I was started by an assassin.
Tell
the subject and agent apart. Remember, a passive sentence is about a subject
that something is happening to. Find the verb and ask “What (verb)?” to find
the subject. To find the agent, if there is one in the sentence, rephrase the
sentence to ask “Who is (verb)ing? Here’s a difficult example, step by step:
“None
of them had been so badly treated by their own teacher before.”
Find
the passive verb. This sentence might sound confusing, because the writer has
added some adverbs in the middle of the verb! The full verb is “had been (…)
treated”. If it makes the sentence easier to follow, you can treat the verb as
“had been so badly treated.”
Find
the subject. What had been so badly treated? None of them had been so badly
treated. “None of them” is the subject of the sentence.
Find
the agent. Who had treated “none of them” so badly before? Their own teacher
had treated “none of them” so badly before. “Their own teacher” is the agent of
the passive sentence.
How to change a sentence from active to passive
When a sentence is written, it can either be written in active voice or passive voice.
• Active
voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the
verb. For example: Tom changed the flat tire.
•
Passive voice describes a sentence where the subject is acted upon by the verb.
For example: The tire was changed by Tom.
Example
sentence:
The dog
bit the man
Step 1
The dog
bit the man
• Find
the object of the verb. (the man)
• Make
the object the subject of the new sentence.
The
man…..
Step 2
The dog
bit the man
• Decide
which tense the verb is in. “Simple past”
• Put
the verb “to be” of this tense.
• (look
to see if the subject is singular or plural)
The man
was….
Step 3
Bite Bit
Bitten
• Write
the participle of the verb after the verb “to be”
• The
man was bitten ………….
The man
was bitten….
Step 4
• Decide
if you want to include the agent in the sentence.
The man
was bitten by the dog
Source :
http://www.lingolex.com/tensexp.html
Active Passive Sentences Formula
1. Simple Present Tense
Active S + V1 + O
Passive S + is/am/are + V3 + ….
Examples
:
A : He
writes the letter carefully.
P : The
letter is written carefully.
A : He
writes the letters carefully.
P : The
letters are written carefully.
2. Simple
Past Tense
Active S + V2 + O
Passive
S + was/were + V3 + ….
Examples
:
A : He
wrote the letter carefully.
P : The
letter was written carefully.
A : He
wrote the letters carefully.
P : The
letters were written carefully.
3. Present
Continuous Tense
Active S + is/am/are + V-ing + O
Passive
S + is/am/are + being + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
is writing the letter carefully.
P : The
letter is being written carefully.
A : He
is writing the letters carefully.
P : The
letters are being written carefully.
4.
Past Continuous
Tense
Active S + was/were + V-ing + O
Passive
S + was/were + being + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
was writing the letter carefully.
P : The
letter was being written carefully.
A : He
was writing the letters carefully.
P : The
letters were being written carefully.
5. Present Perfect Tense
Active S + has/have + V3 + O
Passive
S + has/have + been + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
has written the letter carefully.
P : The
letter has been written carefully.
A : He
has written the letters carefully.
P : The
letters have been written carefully.
6. Past Perfect Tense
Active S + had + V3 + O
Passive
S + had + been + V3 + …
Examples :
A : He
had written the letter carefully.
P : The
letter had been written carefully.
A : He
had written the letters carefully.
P : The
letters had been written carefully.
7. Present
Perfect Continuous Tense
Active S + has/have + been + V-ing + O
Passive
S + has/have + been + being + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
has been writing the letter carefully.
P : The
letter has been being written carefully.
A : He
has been writing the letters carefully.
P : The
letters have been being written carefully.
8. Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
Active S + had + been + V-ing + O
Passive
S + had + been + being + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
had been writing the letter carefully.
P : The
letter had been being written carefully.
A : He
had been writing the letters carefully.
P : The
letters had been being written carefully.
9.
Simple Future Tense
Active S + will/shall +V1 + O
Passive
S + will/shall + be + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : I
will write the letter carefully.
P : The
letter will be written carefully.
A : I
will write the letters carefully.
P : The
letters will be written carefully.
10.
Past Future Tense
Passive
S + would/should + be + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : I would
write the letter carefully.
P : The
letter would be written carefully.
A : I
would write the letters carefully.
P : The
letters would be written carefully.
11.
Future Perfect Tense
Active S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
Passive
S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : We
will have write the letter carefully.
P : The
letter will have been written carefully.
A : We
will have write the letters carefully.
P : The
letters will been written carefully.
Tenses with modal auxiliary verbs: will, shall, can, must,
may, must, etc.
Passive
S + modal + be + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : I
can climb Mount Papandayan
P :
Mount Papandayan can be climbed by me
A : I
will drink a cup of tea in the morning
P : in
the morning a cup of tea will be drank by me
It’s similar for the tense with modals in the form of “past” (would, should, could might, had to,
etc, the forms are :
Active S + modal past + V1 + O
Passive
S + modal past + be + V3 + …
Examples
:
A :
Before I got an injury, I could climb Mount Rinjani.
P :
Before I got an injury, Mount Rinjani could be climbed by me.
A : She
should bring her phone to call her mom.
P : Her
phone should be brought by her to call her mom.
A : They
must obey the rules in this camp.
P : The
rules must be obeyed by them in this camp.
Active-Passive Sentences
How to Understand the Difference Between Passive and
Active Sentences
Part 1
of 4: Active Sentences
Try out
this example first. Look at this sentence: “The thief smashed the window.” The
red section, “The thief,” is the subject of the sentence, or the one doing the
action. The purple section, “smashed,” is the verb, or action. The blue
section, “the window,” is the object: something is happening to it. Keep
reading for more explanation, and look back at this example sentence to follow
along.
Understand
the subject of an active sentence. In an active sentence, the subject is
whatever does It can be a person, a place, a thing, or even an idea. Here are
some examples, with the subject in red :
Every
morning, the sun
The
tall woman will brush her teeth.
Your
bravery saved the town.
Find
the verbs in active sentences. In active sentences, the verb describes what the
subject does. It can also describe what the subject did in the past, or will do
in the future. Here are some examples, with the verb colored purple :
The
tree grew very tall.
My
enemy is planning his attack.
Learn
about the object of the sentence. In many active sentence, but not all of them,
an action is done to something else. Here are examples, with the object colored
blue:
The dog
ate the meat.
The
explorers discovered a new river.
Figure
out how to tell the subject and object apart. If you’re not sure whether
something is the subject or object, find yourself the verb and ask yourself
“What is (verb)-ing?” to find the subject. Ask “What is being (verb)ed?” to
find the object. Here’s an example of a tricky sentence, step by step:
“Everything in the world irritates her.”
Find
the verb. The only word that describes an action is “irritates”, so “irritates”
must be the verb.
Find
the subject. What is irritating? “Everything in the world” is irritating, so
the entire phrase “Everything in the world” is the subject.
Find
the object. What is being irritated? The person described as “her” is being
irritated, so “her” is the object.
Part 2
of 4: Passive Sentences
Look
at this example. “The ball is thrown by the athlete.” In this passive sentence,
the subject is “The ball”. The verb, “was thrown”, describes what happened to
the ball. The agent, the thing that did the action, is “the athlete”.
Understand
the subject of a passive sentence. The subject of a passive sentence is having
something done to it. This can be any noun: a person, place, thing, or idea.
Here are some examples, with the subject written in red:
This
essay was written last year.
The
delicious dinner was cooked by a professional cook.
Elephants
are protected from hunters by international law.
Understand
the verb in a passive sentence. In a passive sentence, something happens to the
subject. The verb is the action that happens. It begins with a “to be” verb
(for example, “is,” “was,” “were,” “has been,” “will have been”), then a verb
in a past tense.[3] Here are some examples with the verb colored purple:
The
city was destroyed by the meteor.
All
the ice cream had been eaten already.
The
music was played beautifully.
Find
the agent in a passive sentence. Many passive sentences do not include the
agent at all. If an agent is present, it describes what did the action. It
usually comes at the end of the sentence, after the word “by.” Here are some
examples, with the agent colored brown:
The
child was raised by her mother.
World
War I was started by an assassin.
Tell
the subject and agent apart. Remember, a passive sentence is about a subject
that something is happening to. Find the verb and ask “What (verb)?” to find
the subject. To find the agent, if there is one in the sentence, rephrase the
sentence to ask “Who is (verb)ing? Here’s a difficult example, step by step:
“None
of them had been so badly treated by their own teacher before.”
Find
the passive verb. This sentence might sound confusing, because the writer has
added some adverbs in the middle of the verb! The full verb is “had been (…)
treated”. If it makes the sentence easier to follow, you can treat the verb as
“had been so badly treated.”
Find
the subject. What had been so badly treated? None of them had been so badly
treated. “None of them” is the subject of the sentence.
Find
the agent. Who had treated “none of them” so badly before? Their own teacher
had treated “none of them” so badly before. “Their own teacher” is the agent of
the passive sentence.
How to change a sentence from active to passive
When a sentence is written, it can either be written in active voice or passive voice.
• Active
voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the
verb. For example: Tom changed the flat tire.
•
Passive voice describes a sentence where the subject is acted upon by the verb.
For example: The tire was changed by Tom.
Example
sentence:
The dog
bit the man
Step 1
The dog
bit the man
• Find
the object of the verb. (the man)
• Make
the object the subject of the new sentence.
The
man…..
Step 2
The dog
bit the man
• Decide
which tense the verb is in. “Simple past”
• Put
the verb “to be” of this tense.
• (look
to see if the subject is singular or plural)
The man
was….
Step 3
Bite Bit
Bitten
• Write
the participle of the verb after the verb “to be”
• The
man was bitten ………….
The man
was bitten….
Step 4
• Decide
if you want to include the agent in the sentence.
The man
was bitten by the dog
Source :
http://www.lingolex.com/tensexp.html
Active Passive Sentences Formula
1. Simple Present Tense
Active S + V1 + O
Passive S + is/am/are + V3 + ….
Examples
:
A : He
writes the letter carefully.
P : The
letter is written carefully.
A : He
writes the letters carefully.
P : The
letters are written carefully.
2. Simple
Past Tense
Active S + V2 + O
Passive
S + was/were + V3 + ….
Examples
:
A : He
wrote the letter carefully.
P : The
letter was written carefully.
A : He
wrote the letters carefully.
P : The
letters were written carefully.
3. Present
Continuous Tense
Active S + is/am/are + V-ing + O
Passive
S + is/am/are + being + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
is writing the letter carefully.
P : The
letter is being written carefully.
A : He
is writing the letters carefully.
P : The
letters are being written carefully.
4.
Past Continuous
Tense
Active S + was/were + V-ing + O
Passive
S + was/were + being + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
was writing the letter carefully.
P : The
letter was being written carefully.
A : He
was writing the letters carefully.
P : The
letters were being written carefully.
5. Present Perfect Tense
Active S + has/have + V3 + O
Passive
S + has/have + been + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
has written the letter carefully.
P : The
letter has been written carefully.
A : He
has written the letters carefully.
P : The
letters have been written carefully.
6. Past Perfect Tense
Active S + had + V3 + O
Passive
S + had + been + V3 + …
Examples :
A : He
had written the letter carefully.
P : The
letter had been written carefully.
A : He
had written the letters carefully.
P : The
letters had been written carefully.
7. Present
Perfect Continuous Tense
Active S + has/have + been + V-ing + O
Passive
S + has/have + been + being + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
has been writing the letter carefully.
P : The
letter has been being written carefully.
A : He
has been writing the letters carefully.
P : The
letters have been being written carefully.
8. Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
Active S + had + been + V-ing + O
Passive
S + had + been + being + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : He
had been writing the letter carefully.
P : The
letter had been being written carefully.
A : He
had been writing the letters carefully.
P : The
letters had been being written carefully.
9.
Simple Future Tense
Active S + will/shall +V1 + O
Passive
S + will/shall + be + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : I
will write the letter carefully.
P : The
letter will be written carefully.
A : I
will write the letters carefully.
P : The
letters will be written carefully.
10.
Past Future Tense
Passive
S + would/should + be + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : I would
write the letter carefully.
P : The
letter would be written carefully.
A : I
would write the letters carefully.
P : The
letters would be written carefully.
11.
Future Perfect Tense
Active S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
Passive
S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : We
will have write the letter carefully.
P : The
letter will have been written carefully.
A : We
will have write the letters carefully.
P : The
letters will been written carefully.
Tenses with modal auxiliary verbs: will, shall, can, must,
may, must, etc.
Passive
S + modal + be + V3 + …
Examples
:
A : I
can climb Mount Papandayan
P :
Mount Papandayan can be climbed by me
A : I
will drink a cup of tea in the morning
P : in
the morning a cup of tea will be drank by me
It’s similar for the tense with modals in the form of “past” (would, should, could might, had to,
etc, the forms are :
Active S + modal past + V1 + O
Passive
S + modal past + be + V3 + …
Examples
:
A :
Before I got an injury, I could climb Mount Rinjani.
P :
Before I got an injury, Mount Rinjani could be climbed by me.
A : She
should bring her phone to call her mom.
P : Her
phone should be brought by her to call her mom.
A : They
must obey the rules in this camp.
P : The
rules must be obeyed by them in this camp.
Kalimat
Aktif Transitif
Kalimat
aktif transitif adalah kalimat aktif yang mana subjek memerlukan objek untuk
dikenai suatu tindakan.
Ciri-ciri
kalimat aktif transitif
Memiliki objek yang dikenai tindakan di
dalam kalimat.
Bisa dirubah menjadi kalimat pasif.
kata kerja pada umumnya berimbuhan me-, dan memper-
Contoh:
Ibu menanam
tumbuhan obat di pekarangan
rumah.
S P O K
Ayah memelihara
anjing sebagai penjaga rumah.
S P O pel
Paman mengunjungi
kami dengan membawa buah tangan.
S P O K
Kalimat
Aktif Intransitif
Kalimat
aktif intransitif adalah kalimat aktif yang tidak memerlukan objek. Dengan kata
lain, kalimat ini sudah bisa menjadi kalimat utuh tanpa memerlukan objek
sekalipun.
Ciri-ciri
kalimat aktif intransitif
Tidak memerlukan objek.
Tidak bisa diubah ke dalam bentuk kalimat
pasif.
Kata kerja pada umumnya berimbuhan ber-,
ter, ke-an, dan ber-kan.
Contoh:
Shinta bernyanyi
dengan sangat indah.
S P K
Budi menangis
dengan keras karena ditinggal oleh ibunya sendiri.
S P K anak kalimat
Kami
tertawa terbahak-bahak melihat kejadian itu.
S P K
Perbedaan
Kalimat Aktif Transitif dan Aktif Intransitif
Aktif
Transitif Aktif Intransitif
Memerlukan
Objek Tidak Memerlukan Objek
Bisa
diubah ke dalam bentuk pasif Tidak
bisa diubah ke dalam bentuk pasif
Imbuhan
me-, memper-, Imbuhan ber-,
ter,-ke-, dan ke-an
Source :
http://www.prbahasaindonesia.com/2015/08/definisi-dan-40-contoh-kalimat-aktif-transitif-dan-intransitif-lengkap.html
